লেখক :
Md. Ashraful Hoque
Technical Specialist (Aquaculture and Genetic Improvement)
| =USAID-Aquaculture for Income and Nutrition Project | |
| WorldFish-Bangladesh |
wPswoi bvm©vwi e¨e¯’vcbv:
1.1) wPswoi bvm©vwi, †N‡ii bvm©vwii ¸iæZ¡,
¯’vb I AvKvi :
mvavibZ †N‡ii g‡a¨
†N‡ii g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GK cv‡k¦© A_ev †N‡ii evwn‡i KvQvKvwQ ev `~‡i ¯’vqxfv‡e cvo
wbg©vY K‡i wPswoi wcGj 20-25 w`b jvjb cvjb K‡i Ry‡fbvBj ev KvwV ev wcP A_ev
QvwU ˆZwi Kiv‡KB wPswoi bvm©vwi ejv n‡q _v‡K|
¯’vqx bvm©vwi Kivi
¸iæZ¡ :
GgwUwU c×wZ‡Z msM„wnZ
wcGj bvm©vwi‡Z 20-25 w`b jvjb-cvjb K‡i †N‡i Qvov n‡j
·
wcGj-Gi mwVK cwiPh©v Ges Lvevi †`Iqv mnR nq Ges †N‡ii cwi‡e‡ki
mv‡_ mn‡R Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cv‡i
·
wcGj mwVKfv‡e e„w× cvq I mej n‡q I‡V Ges †eu‡P _vKvi nvi e„w× cvq
·
gRy` †N‡i mwVK gvÎvq Ry‡fbvBj gRy` Kiv hvq
wPswoi bvm©vwii ¯’vb
I AvKvi : †N‡ii wfZ‡i †h †Kv‡bv GK cv‡k¦© K¨v‡bj/bvjv K‡i A_ev evB‡i
KvQvKvwQ ev `~‡i cyKz‡ii g‡Zv euva (†ewo) w`‡q bvm©vwi ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| †N‡ii
AvKvi n‡e gyj †N‡ii 10% A_©vr cÖwZ 100 kZvsk g~j †N‡ii Rb¨ 10 kZvsk bvm©vwi|
1.2) wPswoi bvm©vwii cvo †givgZ Ges Zjvi cPv
Kv‡jv Kv`v AcmviY :
kxZ/emšÍKv‡j cyivZb
bvm©vwi n‡j †mP w`‡q cvwb ïwK‡q Zjvi Kv‡jv I cPv Kv`v Zz‡j cvo fv‡jvfv‡e †givgZ
Ki‡Z n‡e|
1.3)
bvm©vwi‡Z Pzb cÖ‡hvM :
Pzb Kx
Ges Pz‡bi aib : cv‡bi mv‡_ hv LvIqv nq ZvB Pzb; hv †`L‡Z mv`v e‡Y©i Ges GwU
K¨vjwmqvg Gi GKwU †hŠM| evRv‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi Pzb cvIqv hvq, †hgb-KwjPzb, †cvov
Pzb, K…wlPzb, W‡jvgvBU BZ¨vw`| Gi g‡a¨ wPswo Pv‡li Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv n‡jv †cvov
Pzb, hv †`L‡Z cv_‡ii b¨vq | bvm©vwi cÖ¯‘‡Zi mgq †cvov Pzb cÖwZ kZvs‡k 1 †KwR
nv‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi DcKvwiZv : (K) cvwb cwi®‹vi A_©vr cvwbi †NvjvZ¡ `~i K‡i
(L) ev‡R M¨vm `~i K‡i (M) cvwb I gvwUi wcGBP-Gi gvb evovq (N) cøvsKU‡bi e„w×i
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i (O) K¨vjwmqvg mieivn K‡i (P) `ªæZ ˆRe c`v‡_©i cPb
NUv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i (Q) ciRxex, †ivM-Rxevby I e¨vK‡Uwiqv aŸsm K‡i|
1.4) bvm©vwi‡Z ˆRe
wbivcËv eRvq ivLv
†N‡ii evB‡i †_‡K
†N‡ii wfZ‡i †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖvYx; †hgb-mvc, e¨vO, †cvKv-gvKo ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
cÖvYxi cÖ‡ek eÜ K‡i †N‡ii wPswo I gvQ‡K iÿv Kiv‡KB ˆRe wbivcËv ejv nq| †N‡i Pzb
cÖ‡qv‡Mi c~‡e© Nbduv‡mi bxj †bU 6 Bw gvwUi wb‡P Mfxi K‡i XywK‡q w`‡q mg¯Í
†NiwU wN‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
1.5) bvm©vwi‡Z cvwb
D‡Ëvjb, w_Zv‡bv I †kvab :
bvm©vwi‡Z cvwb D‡Ëvjb
: mvaviYZ †Rvqv‡ii mgq
bvm©vwi‡Z K¨vbvj ev Lv‡ji cvwb XyKv‡bv fv‡jv| cvwb XyKv‡bvi c‡_ QuvKzwbwU Nb I
`yB ¯Íi wewkó n‡Z n‡e| 1g QuvKzwbi †gm mvBR 1.5 wgwg Ges 2q wUi duvm 0.5 wgwg
n‡Z n‡e| QuvKzwbi evwn‡i GKwU wbivcËv evbvi e¨e¯’v _vK‡j g~j QuvKzwb †UKmB n‡e|
w_Zv‡bv : bvm©vwi‡Z cvwb
D‡Ëvj‡bi ci Kgc‡¶ 3 w`b A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| vi
†kvab : bvm©vwi‡Z cvwb XyKv‡bvi 3 w`b ci
weøwPs cvDWvi 1 †KwR / cÖwZ kZvsk/ cÖwZ dzU cvwb‡Z e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g cvwb †kvab
Ki‡Z n‡e|
we‡eP¨ welqmg~n :
·
GgwUwU c×wZ‡Z bvm©vwi‡Z cvwb †kva‡bi Rb¨ ïaygvÎ weøwPs cvDWvi
e¨envi Kiv DËg
·
weøwPs cvDWvi e¨env‡ii ci wbqwgZ niiv †U‡b w`‡j AwaK †kIjv
Rb¥v‡bvi m¤¢vebv K‡g hv‡e
j¶Yxq : weøwPs cvDWvi
cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-4 w`b ci cÖwZ kZvs‡k 250-300 MÖvg nv‡i K…wl Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j fv‡jv
nq|
1.6) bvm©vwi‡Z mvi
cÖ‡qvM
mv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` : `yB ai‡bi mvi
bvm©vwi‡Z †`qv nq, h_v- ˆRe I A‰Re mvi
·
ˆRe mvi wnmv‡e- mwilvi ˆLj, wPUv¸o, A‡Uvcvwjk Ges B‡÷i wgkÖY †`Iqv
nq
·
A‰Re mvi wnmv‡e- BDwiqv Ges wUGmwc mvi †`Iqv nq
bvm©vwi‡Z mvi
cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv : mvi w`‡j bvm©vwi‡Z cÖvK…wZK Lvevi, †hgb- †kIjv, cÖvwYKYv Ges
†QvU †QvU †cvKv-gvKo Rb¥vq †h¸‡jv wcGj Gi cÖavb Lv`¨| bvm©vwi‡Z hw` m~‡h©i
Av‡jv mwVKfv‡e c‡o Ges wVKg‡Zv mvi cª‡qvM Kiv nq Z‡e bvm©vwi‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y
cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ˆZwi nq| d‡j m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ Kg mieivn Ki‡jI PvlK…Z wcGj Gi Lv‡`¨i
NvUwZ c‡o bv|
mv‡ii
gvÎv, cÖ‡qvM c×wZ I mgq :
Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi 3-5 w`b ci Ges wcGj Qvovi Kgc‡¶ 4-5 w`b c~‡e© cÖwZ
kZvsk wb‡¤œv³ gvÎvq mvi w`‡Z n‡e
|
mv‡ii aib
|
DcKiY
|
mv‡ii cwigvY
(MÖvg/kZvsk)
|
cÖ‡qvM c×wZ
|
|
|
ˆRe mvi
|
mwilvi
ˆLj
|
50-100
|
wPUv¸o,
A‡Uvcvwjk Ges B÷ Av‡Mi w`b GK‡Î wgwk‡q wظb cwigvY cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q †i‡L ciw`b
mKv‡j †Qu‡K ïay `ªebUzKz †N‡ii cvwb‡Z wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e GKB wPUv¸o I
A‡Uvcvwj‡ki wgkÖYwU ci ci `yBevi e¨envi K‡i †d‡j w`‡Z n‡e| mwilvi ˆLj Avjv`v
fv‡e 12-14 N›Uv c~‡e© wfwR‡q †i‡L cvwb‡Z wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
|
|
|
wPUv¸o
|
100
|
|
||
|
A‡Uvcvwjk
ev Kzov
|
100
|
|
||
|
B÷
|
1 Pv
PvgyP
|
|
||
|
A‰Re mvi
|
BDwiqv
|
50-100
|
wUGmwc
Av‡Mi iv‡Î wfwR‡q †i‡L c‡ii w`b BDwiqvi mv‡_ GK‡Î cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cvZjv K‡i
mg¯Í †N‡i wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e mKvj 9-10 Uvi mgq
|
|
|
wUGmwc
|
100-125
|
|
||
1.7) bvm©vwii
cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ I cvwbi Dchy³Zv cixÿv : 
nvZ w`‡q cÖvK…wZK
Lv`¨ cix¶v : mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 4-5 w`b ci †N‡ii †iŠ‡`ªv¾j ¯’v‡b 2 dzU Mfxi cvwb‡Z
†b‡g nv‡Zi Zvjy fvR K‡i KbyB ch©šÍ A_©vr 10-12 Bw cvwbi Mfx‡i Wyev‡j hw` Zvjy
†`Lv bv hvq Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e ch©vß cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| hw` KbyB ch©šÍ Wzev‡bvi
c‡iI Zvjy †`Lv hvq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ Kg Av‡Q| ZLb cybivq mvi cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e| †Nvjv cvwb‡Z G c×wZ Kvh©Ki n‡e bv|
MvgQv-Møvm/
QvKwb-Møvm cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ w`‡q cix¶v : mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi 4-5 w`b ci cÖ_‡g 2 Rb GKwU
MvgQvi 2 cÖvšÍ a‡i nvUz cvwb‡Z †b‡g mgvšÍiv‡j `vov‡e| Gici GKRb w¯’i _vK‡e Ges
Ab¨Rb cyKz‡ii Av‡iv Mfxi Ask w`‡q gvwUi 3-4 Bw Ici w`‡q MvgQv †U‡b Ny‡i cybivq
mgvšÍiv‡j G‡m `vov‡e Ges MvgQvi cvwb Kwg‡q 1/2 Møvm cwigvY cvwb Møv‡m †b‡e|
Zvici wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb †hvM K‡i Møvm fwZ© Ki‡e| Gevi MøvmwU‡K GK nv‡Z m~‡h©i
w`‡K ai‡e Ges jÿ¨ Ki‡e KZwU cÖvwYKYv Møv‡mi cvwb‡Z †`Lv hvq| 5-10wU cÖvwYKYv
†`Lv †M‡j eyS‡Z n‡e ch©vß cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ˆZwi n‡‡q‡Q| hw` Gi †P‡q Kg †`Lv hvq
Zvn‡j cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ Kg Av‡Q| iwOb Qvcgviv A¯^”Q Møv‡m G c×wZ Kvh©Ki n‡e bv|
bvm©vwii cvwbi
Dchy³Zv cixÿv : †h bvm©vwi‡Z wcGj Qvov n‡e †mB bvm©vwi‡Z wcGj Qvovi c~‡e© gkvwii
GKwU nvcv ¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡Z 100 wU wcGj gRy` K‡i 72 N›Uv †i‡L cvwbi Dchy³Zv cixÿv
Ki‡Z n‡e| 72 N›Uv ci hw` wcGj my¯’ I †eu‡P _v‡K Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e cvwb‡Z Dchy³Zv
bvB| hw` †e‡P bv _v‡K Zvn‡j K‡qKw`b A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡e|
1.8) bvm©vwii ÿwZKi RjR †cvKv-gvKo `gb :
mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j RjR
†cvKv †hgb- nuvm †cvKv, WªvMb d¬vB wbç, gvLb †cvKv BZ¨vw` Rb¥ †bq| G¸‡jv `g‡bi
Rb¨ cÖwZ kZvs‡k 125 wgwj †K‡ivwmb ev 100 wgwj wW‡Rj wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges wQwU‡q
†`qvi 1 N›Uvi g‡a¨ Nb dvu‡mi Rvj w`‡q Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|
1.9) bvm©vwi‡Z wPswoi AvkÖq¯’j ˆZwi : cÖwZ kZvs‡k 1-2wU
ïK‡bv bvwi‡Kj ev ZvjcvZv A_ev 8-10wU Kw nvjKvfv‡e †eu‡a cvwb‡Z ¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
wPswoi AvkÖq¯’j ˆZwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv : †Lvjm cwieZ©‡bi
gva¨‡g wPswo eo nq| Avevi wPswo mRvwZfyK ¯^fv‡ei nIqvq mej wPswo `~e©j I big
†`‡ni wPswo‡K Ges eo wPswo †QvU wPswo‡K a‡i Lvq| myZivs wPswo hLb †Lvjm cwieZ©b
K‡i ZLb †Lvjm cwieZ©bKvix ev `~e©j wPswo I †QvU wPswo¸‡jv iÿvi Rb¨ bvm©vwi‡Z
K…wÎgfv‡e Avkªq¯’j ˆZwi K‡i w`‡Z nq hv‡Z Avc`Kvjxb mg‡q Gmg¯Í Avkªq¯’‡j wbivc‡`
_vK‡Z cv‡i|
1.10) bvm©vwi‡Z wcGj Gi gRy` NbZ¡ wba©viY : †Uwe‡j cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx
bvm©vwi‡Z evM`vi †ÿ‡Î wcwmAvi cixwÿZ wcGj gRy` Kiæb|
1.11)
wcGj Af¨¯ÍKiY I gRy`
wcGj Af¨¯ÍKiY I gRy` : AwaKvsk mgq wcGj
K·evRvi n‡Z Av‡m; GB Rb¨ wcGj G‡bB †N‡i †Q‡o †`Iqv hv‡e bv| cwjw_b e¨vM Avav
N›Uv g‡Zv cvwb‡Z fvwm‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| Zvici Kgc‡¶ 30-40 wgwbU a‡i cvwb A`j-e`j K‡i
ax‡i ax‡i jeYv³Zv I ZvcgvÎvi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z n‡e| wPswoi wcGj Af¨¯ÍKi‡Yi
mgq cÖwZ 30 wgwb‡U 2-3 wcwcwU jeYv³Zv cv_©K¨ `~i Kiv hvq| bvm©vwii A‡c¶vK…Z
Mfxi ¯’vbwU‡Z cwje¨v‡Mi gyL Ly‡j KvZ K‡i A‡a©K gyL Wywe‡q cvwb‡Z g„`y †mªv‡Zi
m„wó Ki‡j hw` bvm©vwii cvwbi jebv³Zv Ges ZvcgvÎv wcG‡ji mnbxq gvÎvq G‡m _v‡K
Zvn‡j wcGj †¯^”Qvq †N‡ii cvwb‡Z P‡j hv‡e|
wPswoi wcGj gRy‡`i
†¶‡Î cvjbxq civgk©¸‡jv nj-
·
`ycy‡i ev hLb †N‡ii cvwb Mig _v‡K ZLb wcGj Qvov hv‡e bv
·
mwVK gRy` NbZ¡ eRvq ivLv
·
mKv‡j ev weKv‡j Zzjbvg~jK VvÛv AvenvIqvq wcGj gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e
wcwmAvi
cixwÿZ †cvbv gRy‡`i ¸iæZ¡ : †Ni cÖ¯‘wZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i hveZxq Kvh©vejx wbLyZfv‡e m¤úbœ
Kivi c‡iI wPswo‡Z fvBivm AvµgY n‡Z cv‡i hw` wcwmAvi cixwÿZ wcGj †N‡i gRy` Kiv
bv nq| KviY †h †Kv‡bv wcGj G fvBivm _vK‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wPswo Pvwl‡K Aek¨B wcwmAvi
cixwÿZ wcGj gRy` Kiv DwPZ|
1.12) bvm©vwi‡Z Lv`¨ cÖ`vb :
cÖwZ 1000 evM`v wcGj
Gi Rb¨ Lvev‡ii cwigvY I cÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq wb‡¤œ †`Iqv nj-
|
mgq
|
6:00Uv
|
11:00Uv
|
5:00Uv
|
9:00Uv
|
cÖwZ w`b †gvU Lv‡`¨i cwigvY
|
|
w`b
|
†gvU Lv‡`¨i kZKiv nvi Ges †mB Abyhvqx Lv‡`¨i cwigvY (MÖvg)
|
||||
|
20%
|
20%
|
25%
|
35%
|
||
|
1-5
w`b
|
2-4
|
2-4
|
2.5-5.0
|
3.5-7.0
|
10-20
MÖvg
|
|
6-10
w`b
|
4-6
|
4-6
|
5.0-7.5
|
7.0-10.5
|
20-30
MÖvg
|
|
11-15
w`b
|
6-8
|
6-8
|
7.5-10.0
|
10.5-14.0
|
30-40
MÖvg
|
|
16-20
w`b
|
8-10
|
8-10
|
10.0-12.5
|
14.0-17.5
|
40-50
MÖvg
|
|
21-25
w`b
|
10-12
|
10-12
|
12.5-15.0
|
17.5-21.0
|
50-60
MÖvg
|
|
26-30
w`b
|
12-14
|
12-14
|
15.0-17.5
|
21.0-24.5
|
60-70
MÖvg
|
Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvM c×wZ :
Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi c~‡e©
wPswoi AvKvi I eqm, wPswoi Mo IRb I cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y Aek¨B Rvb‡Z n‡e| cwigvYg‡Zv
Lvevi ˆ`wbK †N‡ii wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Qwo‡q †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i A_ev wdwWs †Uª ¯’vcb K‡iI
Lvevi †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| wdwWs †Uª ¯’vcb K‡i Lvevi †`Iqv DËg| †Uª-†Z Lv`¨ cÖ`vb
K‡i ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Lvevi bv _vK‡j cwigvY evwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Avi †Uª-‡Z Lvevi
Aewkó _vK‡j cieZ©x‡Z Lv`¨ Kg w`‡Z n‡e|
Lv`¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi mZK©Zv
:
·
wPswoi Lv`¨ Aek¨B wc‡jU AvKv‡ii n‡Z n‡e
·
Lv‡`¨i gvb Dchy³ n‡Z n‡e, ZvB Lv`¨ cix¶v K‡i †bIqv DwPZ
·
cPv ev dvsMvmhy³ Lvevi wPswo‡K †`Iqv hv‡e bv
·
wPswoi Lv`¨ MÖnY (†Uª c×wZ‡Z) ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e
·
wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b wbw`©ó mg‡q Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e
·
†MÖv_ ni‡gvb ev †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Gw›Uev‡qvwUK Lvev‡ii mv‡_ e¨envi Kiv
hv‡e bv
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